A large power plant generates electricity at 12.0 kV. Its old transformer once converted the voltage to 385 kV. The secondary of this transformer is being replaced so that its output can be 500 kV for more efficient cross-country transmission on upgraded transmission lines.

(a) What is the ratio of turns in the new secondary compared with turns in the old secondary
(b) What is the ratio of new current output to old output (at 425 kV) for the same power?
(c) If the upgraded transmission lines have the same resistance, what is the ratio of new line power loss to old?

What is binding energy and separation energy

Chapter 23, problem 075 the figure shows a geiger counter, a device used to detect ionizing radiation (radiation that causes ionization of atoms). the counter consists of a thin, positively charged central wire surrounded by a concentric, circular, conducting cylindrical shell with an equal negative charge. thus, a strong radial electric field is set up inside the shell. the shell contains a low-pressure inert gas. a particle of radiation entering the device through the shell wall ionizes a few of the gas atoms. the resulting free electrons (e) are drawn to the positive wire. however, the electric field is so intense that, between collisions with gas atoms, the free electrons gain energy sufficient to ionize these atoms also. more free electrons are thereby created, and the process is repeated until the electrons reach the wire. the resulting "avalanche" of electrons is collected by the wire, generating a signal that is used to record the passage of the original particle of radiation. suppose the radius of the central wire is 24 âµm, the inner radius of the shell 2.3 cm, and the length of the shell 14 cm. if the electric field at the shell's inner wall is 2.8 ă— 104 n/c, what is the total positive charge on the central wire?

How does an observation about an object differ from an inference about that object