Ice has formed on a shallow pond and a steady state is reached where the temperature of air above the ic e is - 8 . 0 0 ° Cand the bottom of the pond has a temperature of 6.00° C. The depth of the ice and water combined is 1.80 m; what isthe depth of the ice alone? Use a thermal conductivity o f 1 . 6 7 W / m · K fo r ic e a nd 0 . 5 0 2 W / m · K fo r water. A.

Suppose that an electromagnetic wave which is linearly polarized along the x−axis is propagating in vacuum along the z−axis. the wave is incident on a conductor which is placed at z > 0 region of the space. the conductor has conductivity σ, magnetic permeability µ and electric permittivity ε. (a) find the characteristic time for the free charge density which dissipates at the conductor. (b) write the maxwell equations and derive the wave equation for a plane wave propagating in a conductor. (c) find the attenuation distance at which the incident amplitude reduces to e ^−1 of its initial value. (d) find the electric and magnetic fields inside the conductor. 8 (e) find the power loss per area of the incident electromagnetic wave at the surface of conductor.

The coefficient of friction is a number that represents the resistance to sliding between two in contact with one another.

What is the single most important equation in all of physics?