Explain how applied heat works between and at critical temperatures

When a solid substance is heated, its temperature will rise until it reaches a critical temperature. At this point, the item won’t melt unless more heat is provided. This additional heat represents energy needed to change the state of the substance from solid to liquid. This energy loosens the ties of molecules, causing them to move faster. When enough heat energy is provided, the substance will change to the liquid state, but the temperature of the substance won’t change. The amount of heat energy required to change a unit of mass from a solid to a liquid without any change of temperature is the latent heat of fusion. If it’s necessary to increase the temperature of a melted substance, additional heat energy must be provided. The latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat energy required to change a unit of mass of a liquid to a gas without a temperature change.

To condense a gas to a liquid, the gas must be cooled to the condensation point. After condensation, the liquid will have the same temperature as the gas; the temperature is still at the condensation point. To be cooled further, more heat energy should be released.

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