A 12-V car battery has an internal resistance of 0.020 Ω. When the headlights and stereo are on, a current of 25.0 A is drawn from the battery. What is the value of the terminal voltage when this current is drawn from the battery?

The terminal voltage is 11.5 V

Explanation:

E = I(R + r)

E is the electromotive force (emf) of the car battery = 12 V

I is the current drawn from the battery = 25 A

R is the resistance of the car battery

r is the internal resistance of the car battery = 0.02 ohm

R = (E/I) - r = (12/25) - 0.02 = 0.48 - 0.02 = 0.46 ohm

V = IR = 25 × 0.46 = 11.5 V

pe = weightxheight = 2000x1000=2,000,000joules