A cluster of sporangia on the under surface of a fern frond

Ais useful when you need a simple machine to you separate two things. a. lever b. screw c. pulley d. wedge

Suppose that an electromagnetic wave which is linearly polarized along the x−axis is propagating in vacuum along the z−axis. the wave is incident on a conductor which is placed at z > 0 region of the space. the conductor has conductivity σ, magnetic permeability µ and electric permittivity ε. (a) find the characteristic time for the free charge density which dissipates at the conductor. (b) write the maxwell equations and derive the wave equation for a plane wave propagating in a conductor. (c) find the attenuation distance at which the incident amplitude reduces to e ^−1 of its initial value. (d) find the electric and magnetic fields inside the conductor. 8 (e) find the power loss per area of the incident electromagnetic wave at the surface of conductor.

Identify the theory that can be used to explain each phenomenon. answers diffraction: wave theory interference: wave theory reflection: both particle and wave theories refraction: both particle and wave theories