Why does the effective nuclear charge for the 1s orbital increase by 0.99 in going from oxygen to fluorine but only increases by 0.65 for the 2p orbital?

This is due to addition of an extra proton on going from oxygen to fluorine as well the screening effect of the 1s orbital experienced by the 2p orbital.

Explanation:

When a proton (which is positively charged) is added to nucleus of the oxygen atom to form flourine, there is an increase in the effective nuclear charge and the 1s orbital feels the effect more.

Also, due to the screening effect of the 1s orbital, nuclear attraction is felt less on moving to the 2s orbital. Thus, the effective nuclear charge is lesser.

-first use of geothermal energy occurred more than 10,000 years ago in north america by american paleo-indians

-the first industrial use of geothermal energy began near pisa, italy in late 18th century

-in 1904, italian scientist piero ginori conti invented the first geothermal electric power plant in which steam was used to generate the power

-with the above experiment, the first geothermal plant in usa started in 1922 with a capacity of 250 kilowatts

-however, in 1946 first ground-source geothermal heat pump installed at commonwealth building in portland, oregon

-during the 1960’s, pacific gas and electric began operation of first large scale geothermal power plant in san francisco, producing 11 megawatts

-in 1973, when oil crisis began many countries began looking for renewable energy sources and by 1980’s geothermal heat pumps (ghp) started gaining popularity in order to reduce heating and cooling costs

-as effect of climate change started showing results, governments of various countries joined hands to fight against it, for which kyoto protocol was signed in japan in 1997, laid out emission targets for rich countries and required that they transfer funds and technology to developing countries, 184 countries have ratified it

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the small 0.38-kg slider is known to move from position a to position b along the vertical-plane slot. determine (a) the work done on the body by its weight and (b) the work done on the body by the spring. the distance r = 0.70 m, the spring modulus k = 154 n/m, and the unstretched length of the spring is 0.53 m

explanation:

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