Sharks and related fish can sense the extremely weak electric fields emitted by their prey in the surrounding waters. These detectors, located in their noses and called ampullae, are so sensitive they can detect a voltage gradient of 1 ?V across1 cm of seawater.

How far apart would you have to place the poles of a 1.5 V battery to achieve the same electric field? (Choose one)

1) 6.7×10-9 m

2) 1.5×10-2 m

3) 1.5×10-6 m

4) 1.5×104 m

2) 1.5 * 10^(-2) m

Explanation:

Electric field is given in terms of Electric potential as:

E = V/r

Where V = electric potential

r = distance

E = 1V / 0.01m = 100 Vm

If the electric field is the same and electric potential is now 1.5V, we have that:

r = V/E

r = 1.5/100

r = 1.5 * 10^(-2) m

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.