Compute the mean and maximum velocities for a liquid with a flow rate of 20 L/min in a 1.5-in nominal diameter sanitary pipeline. The liquid has a density of 1030 kg/m3 and viscosity of 50 cP. Is the flow laminar or turbulent?

Mean velocity = 0.292 m/s

Maximum velocity = 0.584 m/s

The flow is laminar as Re = 229.2

Explanation:

D = 1.5 inches = 0.0381 m

Q = volumetric flow rate = 20 L/min = 0.000333 m³/s

Q = A × v

A = Cross sectional Area = πD²/4 = π(0.0381)²/4 = 0.00114 m²

v = average velocity

v = Q/A = 0.000333/0.00114 = 0.292 m/s

For flow in circular pipes, maximum velocity = 2 × average velocity = 2 × 0.292 = 0.584 m/s

To check if the flow is laminar or turbulent, we need its Reynolds number

Re = (ρvD)/μ

ρ = 1030 kg/m

v = 0.292 m/s

D = 1.5 inches = 0.0381 m

μ = 50 cP = 0.5 poise = 0.05 Pa.s

Re = (1030 × 0.292 × 0.0381)/0.05 = 229.2

For laminar flow, Re < 2100

For turbulent flow, Re > 4000

And 229.2 < 2100, hence, this flow is laminar.

1 - wave length

2 - amplitude

3 - crest

4 - trough

explanation:

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