Using the npn transistor model of Fig. 6.5(b), consider the case of a transistor for which the base is connected to ground, the collector is connected to a 3-V dc source through a 2-kΩ resistor, and a 1-mA current source is connected to the emitter with the polarity so that current is drawn out of the emitter terminal. If β = 100 and IS = 5 × 10−15 A, find the voltages at the emitter and the collector and calculate the base current.