While the Apollo astronauts were on the Moon, 3.844 x 10 8 m away, they communicated using radio - w aves, which travel at the speed of light. The Earth’s atmosphere, which is about 160 - km thick, does not appreciably affect the speed of the signal. About how long will the ground controller have to wait from the end of a question to the start of an answe r, given that an astronaut takes 1s to respond?

stands for electromotive force and it is measured in volts. despite its name, it is not actually the force in the sense of being a "pushing" or "pulling" (not measured in newtons).an equation that relates emf,  ℰ,  to a battery's terminal voltage, v, current, i, and internal resistance, r, is    ℰ = v + irin this case, the emf can be interpreted as a voltage—a difference in electric potential.i would not say that it would be considered an energy. if emf can be defined as the energy/work per a unit charge from a battery or other electric source, then it is not strictly energy.

Potato’s are the right way to go promise not apples i’m 5

So are u adding some additional catalyst