Asatellite that weighs 4900 n on the launchpad travels around the earth's equator in a circular orbit with a period of 1.667 h. the earth's mass is 5.97 × 1024 kg, its equatorial radius is 6.3 × 106 m, and g = 6.67 × 10-11 n • m2/kg2.
a. calculate the magnitude of the earth's gravitational force on the satellite.
b. determine the altitude of the satellite above the earth's surface.

(a)F= 3.83 * 10^3 N

(b)Altitude=8.20 * 10^5 m

Explanation:

On the launchpad weight = gravitational force between earth and satellite.

W = GMm/R²

where R is the earth radius.

Re-arranging:

WR² / GM = m

m = 4900 * (6.3 * 10^6)² / (6.67 * 10^-11 * 5.97 * 10^24) = 488 kg

The centripetal force (Fc) needed to keep the satellite moving in a circular orbit of radius (r) is:

Fc = mω²r

where ω is the angular velocity in radians/second. The satellite completes 1 revolution, which is 2π radians, in 1.667 hours.

ω = 2π / (1.667 * 60 * 60) = 1.05 * 10^-3 rad/s

When the satellite is in orbit at a distance (r) from the CENTRE of the earth, Fc is provided by the gravitational force  between the earth and the satellite:

Fc = GMm/r²

mω²r = GMm / r²

ω²r = GM / r²

r³ = GM/ω² = (6.67 * 10^-11 * 5.97 * 10^24) / (1.05 * 10^-3)²  

r³ = 3.612 * 10^20

r = 7.12 * 10^6 m

(a) F = GMm/r²  

F=(6.67 * 10^-11 * 5.97 * 10^24 * 488) / (7.12 * 10^6 )²

F= 3.83 * 10^3 N

(b) Altitude = r - R = (7.12 * 10^6) - (6.3 * 10^6) = 8.20 * 10^5 m

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