Why should galaxy collisions have been more common in the past than they are today?

a. galaxies attracted each other more strongly in the past because they were more massive; they had not yet turned most of their mass into stars.

b. galaxies were much bigger in the past since they had not contracted completely.

c. galaxies were closer together in the past because the universe was smaller.

d. galaxies were more active in the past and therefore would have collided with each other more frequently.

Ablock of steel has a density of 0.29lbs per cubic inch. if the block has dimensions of 1 inch by 1 inch by 3 inches, what is its weight? a. 0.29lbs b. 0.58lbs c. 0.87lbs d. 1lbs

Search coils and credit cards. one practical way to measure magnetic field strength uses a small, closely wound coil called a search coil. the coil is initially held with its plane perpendicular to a magnetic field. the coil is then either quickly rotated a quarter-turn about a diameter or quickly pulled out of the field. (a) derive the equation relating the total charge q that flows through a search coil to the magnetic-field magnitude b. the search coil has n turns, each with area a, and the flux through the coil is decreased from its initial maximum value to zero in a time ∆t. the resistance of the coil is r, and the total charge is q = i∆t, where i is the average current induced by the change in flux. (b) in a credit card reader, the magnetic strip on the back of a credit card is rapidly “swiped” past a coil within the reader. explain, using the same ideas that underlie the operation of a search coil, how the reader can decode the information stored in the pattern of magnetization on the strip. (c) is it necessary that the credit card be “swiped” through the reader at exactly the right speed? why or why not?

An open cart is moving along a straight frictionless horizontal track. when rain starts falling vertically into the cart, what happens to the speed of the cart?