This design enabled them to control for several factors. the total area of the patch plus the corridor, or the patch plus the wings was the same. the total amount of edge (perimeter of each patch) was similar between the two treatments. both patch types were the same distance from the central patch.

Aproduction line at v. j. sugumaran's machine shop has three stations. the first station can process a unit in 7 minutes. the second station has two identical machines, each of which can process a unit in 16 minutes (each unit only needs to be processed on one of the two machines). the third station can process a unit in 10 minutes. ▼ is the bottleneck station, with a bottleneck time of nothing minutes per unit (enter your response as a whole number).