The vertical component of the pressure gradient force (~1 mb/10m, near the surface) is much larger than the horizontal component (~1 mb/100 km).nevertheless, the horizontal wind (tens of m/s) is much stronger than the vertical wind (outside of strong convective updrafts, generally less than 0.1 m/s). canyou explain why?

Assume that two of the electrons at the negative terminal have attached themselves to a nearby neutral atom. there is now a negative ion with a charge -2e at this terminal. what are the electric potential and electric potential energy of the negative ion relative to the electron? the electric potential and the electric potential energy are both twice as much. the electric potential is twice as much and the electric potential energy is the same. the electric potential is the same and the electric potential energy is twice as much. the electric potential and the electric potential energy are both the same. the electric potential is the same and the electric potential energy is increased by the mass ratio of the oxygen ion to the electron. the electric potential is twice as much and the electric potential energy is increased by the mass ratio of the oxygen ion to the electron.