Learning goal: to understand the decibel scale. the decibel scale is a logarithmic scale for measuring the sound intensity level. because the decibel scale is logarithmic, it changes by an additive constant when the intensity as measured in \rm{w/m^2} changes by a multiplicative factor. the number of decibels increases by 10 for a factor of 10 increase in intensity. the general formula for the sound intensity level, in decibels, corresponding to intensity i is \beta = 10\,\log\left(\frac{i}{i_0}\right){ \rm db}, where i_0 is a reference intensity. for sound waves, i_0 is taken to be 10^{-12}\,{\rm w/m^2}. note that \log refers to the logarithm to the base 10. calculate the change in decibels corresponding to m = 2, m = 4, and m = 8.

Utah's great salt lake has an average salinity seven times higher than that of the oceans. very few multicellular organisms live in this harsh environment. an example is the brine shrimp, which must devote a large portion of its metabolic energy to osmoregulation. these brine shrimp must available hint(s)utah's great salt lake has an average salinity seven times higher than that of the oceans. very few multicellular organisms live in this harsh environment. an example is the brine shrimp, which must devote a large portion of its metabolic energy to osmoregulation. these brine shrimp must pump water back into their cells to counter its loss due to osmosisactively pump water back out of their cells to counter its inflow due to osmosissynthesize membranes that are impermeable to substances that upset osmotic balanceactively pump salt back out of their cells to counter its inflow due to osmosis

The slope of a velocity time graph over any interval of time gives the during that interval

Wave functions describe orbitals in a hydrogen atom. each function is characterized by 3 quantum numbers: n, l, and ml. if the value of n = 2: the quantum number l can have values from to . the total number of orbitals possible at the n = 2 energy level is .