Asolid, glowing-hot object will emit light over the full range of wavelengths resulting in a spectrum. if a diffuse and relatively cool cloud of gas is located between the glowing, hot object and an observer, the observer will detect an spectrum coming out of the cloud. another type of spectrum is given off by a neon sign which is a tube of gas whose electrons are excited by an electric current. the mostly red light given off by the sign is in the form of an spectrum.

Absorption Spectrum

Explanation:

The hot, dense source emits high energy photons of all wavelengths. Some of these photons are absorbed by electrons of cloud to excite them to a higher energy level which appear as dark lines in the spectra and we get Absorption Spectrum.

a

explanation:

no diagram was provided, but i'm guessing it's the one i've attached to my answer.

here, a mechanical force turns the rod.   this generates an electric current in the coil, which powers the bulb.

force is mass*acceleration.

we have a very small mass: 11.4*0.001 kg

if we want 0.035n of force, we need an acceleration:

0.035 = 11.4*0.001*a

a = 0.035/(11.4*0.001) m/s^2