Light of intensity 2.00 w/m2 passes through the pupil of one of your eyes and eventually falls on your retina. the radius of the pupil is controlled by the iris. in a human eye, the radius of the pupil can vary from about 1.0 mm to about 3.5 mm. the area of the opening can be calculated from pi (3.1416) times the radius squared. if your pupil is open to a radius of 3.5 mm, how much light energy passes through in one minute? give your answer in millijoules.

bacteria that live on the ocean floor are sustained by phytoplankton. phytoplankton, microscopic marine photosynthetic organisms, have a vastly significant role to play not only in the marine food web of which they’re part of, but also on a more global scale. despite their infinitely small size in comparison to other marine organisms, these tiny creatures occupy an immensely important ecological niche: they are the foundation of the marine food web, and as primary producers, play key roles in supporting all other organisms in the marine environment, as well as in the regulation of the earth’s climate through the sequestration of carbon, oxygen production, and other related processes. phytoplankton account for roughly half of all global primary productivity; therefore, their significance extends far beyond the marine environment alone. there is an intriguing sense of irony in the realization that these tiny living beings that often live out their existence unnoticed and undetected by the rest of the world, have such a far-reaching impact on the lives of virtually all other living organisms on the planet, particularly on those in the marine environment. the world that we have become accustomed to has been and is continuously shaped by the workings of these miniscule yet vital “plants of the sea”.

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