Asteel rod is pulled in tension along its center axis (the axial direction) with a stress that is less than the yield strength. the modulus of elasticity may be calculated as: group of answer choices
a. axial stress times axial strain
b. axial force divided by change in length
c. axial stress divided by change in length
d. axial stress divided by axial strain

D. Axial stress divided by axial strain

Explanation:

 Lets take rod is pulled by force P

Stress σ = P/A

We know that

σ = ε E

E=  Lets take rod is pulled by force P

Stress σ = P/A

We know that

σ = ε E

σ=Axial stress

ε  =Axial Strain = ΔL/L

E= σ/ε

E= Axial stress/Axial Strain

So the modulus of elasticity  is the ratio of axial stress to axial strain.

σ=Axial stress

ε  =Axial Strain = ΔL/L

E= σ/ε

E= Axial stress/Axial Strain

So the modulus of elasticity  is the ratio of axial stress to axial strain.

The option D is correct.

an energy transformation flow diagram is shown

where is it ?