Athin, horizontal, 18-cm-diameter copper plate is charged to -3.8 nc. assume that the electrons are uniformly distributed on the surface. part a) what is the strength of the electric field 0.1 mm above the center of the top surface of the plate? express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. part b) what is the strength of the electric field 0.1 mm below the center of the bottom surface of the plate? express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

Unpolarized light falls on two polarizer sheets whose transmission axes are at right angles. a third polarizer is placed between the first two so that its axis makes a 52-degree angle with the axis of the first polarizer. a) what fraction of the incident light intensity is transmitted through the first polaroid? b) what fraction of the incident light intensity is transmitted through the second polaroid? c) what is the angle of polarization of the light that enters the third polaroid? d) what fraction of the incident light intensity is transmitted through the third polaroid. e) what happens if the middle polaroid is removed?