The predictions of rutherford's scattering formula failed to correspond with experimental data when the energy of the incoming alpha particles exceeded 32mev. this can be explained by the fact that the predictions of the formula apply when the only force involved is the electromagnetic force and will break down if the incoming particles make contact with the nucleus. use the fact that rutherford's prediction ceases to be valid for alpha particles with an energy greater than 32mev to estimate the radius r of the gold nucleus.

answer: the metamorphic rocks are formed when they are exposed to high pressure and high temperatures. this happens when one of the earth's plates comes in contact with the other plate by traveling in opposite directions, straight into each other or slipping under one another. the friction that is caused by this activity results in   melting of rocks and when it cools they are known as metamorphic rocks. this process needs a controlled amount of pressure and temperature otherwise it may turn into magma.

a. spokes of a wheel.

as indicated in the question radial contains rad, also found in radius, so the fracture's would span the radius.