For a dicarboxylic acid where the two groups are ‘far apart’, using statistical methods show that the ratio of the acid dissociation constants is expected to be 4.

(b) what does it mean to be ‘far apart’ and why is this a requirement? let’s explore these concepts inmore quantitative detail and try to get at the molecular underpinnings of this expected statistical ratio for the acid dissociation constants. using computationally and/or experimentally determined dissociation constants for a series of dicarboxylic acids, determine how ‘far apart’ the two acid groups need to be in order for them to be reasonably close to the expected statistical ratio.

[(a) clearly show all steps in the statistical method showing the expected ratio for the acid dissociation constants. (b) show all tabulated data and plots. reference all sources of data used. the final quantitative answer should basically be a ‘greater than’ distance in nanometers. however, one or two sentences should also be given about the molecular r-group requirements associated with this ‘far apart’ restriction and what it means from a molecular standpoint.]

An internally reversible refrigerator has a modified coefficient of performance accounting for realistic heat transfer processes of where qin is the refrigerator cooling rate, qout is the heat rejection rate, and is the power input. show that copm can be expressed in terms of the reservoir temperatures tc and th, the cold and hot thermal resistances rt,c and rt,h, and qin, as where rtot rt,c rt,h. also, show that the power input may be expressed as 1.39 a household refrigerator operates with cold- and hot-temperature reservoirs of tc 5 c and th 25 c, respectively. when new, the cold and hot side resistances are rc,n 0.05 k/w and rh,n 0.04 k/w, respectively. over time, dust accumulates on the refrigerator’s condenser coil, which is located behind the refrigerator, increasing the hot side resistance to rh,d 0.1 k/w. it is desired to have a refrigerator cooling rate of qin 750 w. using the results of problem 1.38, determine the modified coefficient of performance and the required power input w under (a) clean and (b) dusty coil conditions. internally reversible refrigerator qout qin w high-temperature reservoir low-temperature reservoir th th,i tc,i tc high-temperature side resistance low-temperature side resistance w qin th tc qinrtot tc qinrtot copm tc qinrtot th tc

Amajor difference radio waves, visible light, and gamma rays is the of the photons, which results in different photon frequencies and wavelengths

A15,000 kg rocket traveling at +230 m/s turns on its engines. over a 6.0 s period it burns 1,000 kg of fuel. an observer on the ground measures the velocity of the expelled gases to be −1,200 m/s.