The bogus pipeline is an instrument that was developed to measure attitudes that are otherwise difficult to measure because

of motivations to give a socially desirable response

Explanation:

The bogus pipeline is nothing but a polygraph machine which is fake.

With the help of a polygraph test it can be determined whether a person is telling the truth. This is done by measuring physiological indicators of a human being such as  blood pressure, respiration, pulse, and skin conductivity.

The bogus pipeline appears to be like a real polygraph machine. It is assumed that people will be truthful as they believe that the machine is real. Nowadays, it is used to measure attitude towards a certain stimulus.

the answer is neither ball has a charge.

because if they were both positively charged, they will repel each other.

if they were positively and negatively charged, they will seek.

the earths atmosphere is made up of nitrogen and oxygen. solids can turn into gasses through a process called sublimation. sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase, without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.

hope this : d