Why does the moon create tidal bulges on both sides of earth instead of only on the side of earth closest to the moon?

There is a tidal bulge appearing on both the sides of the earth because of the presence of strong gravitational pull exerted on the earth by the moon. This bulge on both the sides are the region of high tides i.e the waters on the ocean are pulled towards the direction of moon and this tidal bulging helps in the circulation of ocean currents thereby transporting energy.

what experimental evidence led scientists to change from the previous model to this one?

a few of the positive particles aimed at a gold foil seemed to bounce back.

the colors of light emitted from heated atoms had very specific energies.

experiments with water vapor showed that elements combine in specific proportions.

cathode rays were bent in the same way whenever a magnet was brought near them.