Current evidence suggests that many massive jovian planets orbit at very close orbital distances to their stars. how do we think these planets ended up on these close orbits?

In the Solar system, the Jovian planets are farther from the Sun. Majority of the extrasolar Jovian planets are closer to their stars. These are known as "Hot Jupiters". From the studies, the reason for the existence of massive Jovian planets to be closer to their star is found to be the gravitational interaction of these planets with other massive planets which pushes them closer to their stars. These planets are formed beyond the frost line initially but later on migrate inwards.

depends on what you mean by "group." for order, it would be coleoptera (beetles). for class, it would be insecta (insects). for phylum, it would be the arthropoda (animals with jointed exoskeletons).

explanation:

hi there!

out of the two, (b) precision would be more reasonable.   however, both a and b could be pretty reasonable.

-awesomerepublic   : )