Apinned-pinned steel column has a rectangular cross section 1 in by 2 in. the modulus of elasticity e is 30,000,000 psi and the maximum allowable stress for the column is 30,000 psi. determine the minimum length l for eular formula to be applicable

so length is 8.27 in

Explanation:

Given data

cross section =  1 in × 2 in

modulus of elasticity E =  30,000,000 psi

maximum allowable stress  = 30,000 psi

to find out

minimum length

solution

we know the Eular Formula  i.e

allowable stress =   ................1

here I(min)/area  = r² min

I min =  2 × 1³/12 = 0.166 and area = 2×1 = 2 in²

r (min ) = 0.166/2 = 0.083333 in²

so put all value in equation 1 we get length

allowable stress =

30,000 =

length^{2} = [tex]\pi ^{2} 30000000( 0.08333²) / 30000

length = 8.27 in

so length is 8.27 in

absorption lines are where light has been absorbed by the atom thus you see a dip in the spectrum whereas.

emission spectra have spikes in the spectra due to atoms releasing photons at those wavelengths.

explanation:

luster is not a good characteristic to use by itself because luster is the property of minerals that indicates how much the surface of a mineral reflects light. the luster of a mineral is affected by the brilliance of the light used to observe the mineral surface.