This is a problem related to the nanoscale quantum transport.
(a) name at least four critical length scales or parameters that should be considered in the quantum transport phenomena, and briefly explain why they are critical?
(b) quantization of hall resistance( ρxy) was discovered when the 2d electron gas (2deg) was subject to a strong magnetic field (b), and ρxy (b) = 1/n (h/e^2), here n is positive integers and h the planck constant. describe the physical origin of this quantization and what is the physical meaning of the number n.