On the same material as in the above problem, a fatigue loading is applied and the fatigue life is 1000 cycles. in each loading cycle, the material is first fully loaded and then fully unloaded. (a) what are the maximum stress, the minimum stress, the mean stress, the stress range (∆σ), the stress amplitude (s), and the r-raito? (b) we know that the fracture toughness of the material is 40 mpam1/2. what is the final fatigue crack length in the last loading-unloading cycle, cf? assume that the geometric factor y = 1.2.

Acommon technique in analysis of scientific data is normalization. the purpose of normalizing data is to eliminate irrelevant constants that can obscure the salient features of the data. the goal of this experiment is to test the hypothesis that the flux of light decreases as the square of the distance from the source. in this case, the absolute value of the voltage measured by the photometer is irrelevant; only the relative value conveys useful information. suppose that in part 2.2.2 of the experiment, students obtain a signal value of 162 mv at a distance of 4 cm and a value of 86 mv at a distance of 5.7 cm. normalize the students' data to the value obtained at 4 cm. (divide the signal value by 162.) then calculate the theoretically expected (normalized) value at 5.7 cm.