Physics, 05.02.2020 00:02 andrealch13p3w89f

When first discovered α, β and γ radioactivity were referred to as α−rays, β-rays and γ- rays. now we refer to α-particles and β-particles, but still use the term γ-rays. what type of particles are α and β commonly known as? what type of ray is γ commonly known as? what are the signs of the charges on the three forms of radiation?

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Answer from: ligittiger12806

1. Helium nucleus and electron/positron

- An $\alpha$ decay is a decay in which an $\alpha$ particle is produced.

An $\alpha$ particle consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons: therefore, in an alpha-decay, the nucleus loses 2 units of atomic number (number of protons) and 2 units of mass number (sum of protons+neutrons).

The alpha-particle consists of 2 protons of 2 neutrons: so it corresponds to a nucleus of helium, which consists exactly of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.

- There are two types of $\beta$ decay:

-- In the $\beta^-$ decay, a neutron decays into a proton emitting a fast-moving electron and an anti-neutrino:

$n \rightarrow p + e^- + \bar{\nu}$

and the $\beta$ particle in this case is the electron

-- In the $\beta^+$ decay, a proton decays into a neutron, emitting a fast-moving positron and a neutrino:

$p \rightarrow n + e^+ + \nu$

and the $\beta$ particle in this case is the positron.

2) Gamma ray

A $\gamma$ decay occurs when an unstable (excited state) nucleus decays into a more stable state. In this case, there are no changes in the structure of the nucleus, but energy is released in the form of a photon:

$X^* \rightarrow X + \gamma$

where the wavelength of this photon usually falls in the part of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to the gamma ray region.

So, the $\gamma$ ray is commonly known as gamma radiation.

The sign of the three forms of radiation are the following:

- $\alpha$ particle: it consists of 2 protons (each of them carrying a positive charge of +e) and 2 neutrons (uncharged), so the total charge is

Q = +e +e = +2e

- $\beta$ particle: in case of $\beta^-$ radiation, the particle is an electron, so it carries a charge of

Q = -e

in case of $\beta^+$ radiation, the particle is a positron, so it carries a charge of

Q = +e

- $\gamma$ radiation: the $\gamma$ radiation consists of a photon, and the photon has no charge, so the charge in this case is

Q = 0

Answer from: Quest

the motion of a pendulum is a classic example of mechanical energy conservation. a pendulum consists of a mass (known as a bob ) attached by a string to a pivot point. as the pendulum moves it sweeps out a circular arc, moving back and forth in a periodic fashion.

How does a pendulum model an energy conversation system?

Answer from: Quest

Inner peace.. jk it's a stable electron configuration

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When first discovered α, β and γ radioactivity were referred to as α−rays, β-rays and γ- rays. now w...

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