Why do telescopes give modern astronomers an advantage over people in the past

According to newtons universal law of gravitation, which would change the parh of the ball so it traces out widest curved path possible?

An open cart is moving along a straight frictionless horizontal track. when rain starts falling vertically into the cart, what happens to the speed of the cart?

What would be the radius of the earth if it had its actual mass but had the density of nuclei? express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.