Athin insulating rod is bent into a semicircular arc of radius a, and a total electric charge q is distributed uniformly along the rod. calculate the potential at the center of curvature of the arc if the potential is assumed to be zero at infinity. (use any variable or symbol stated above along with the following as necessary: îµ0.)

Explain to someone who knows nothing about fossils the study of invertebrate paleontology and how it scientists understand the history of the earth. be sure your explanation contains a minimum of two complete sentences.

Comedians like to joke that the reason we haven’t been visited by intelligent life from elsewhere in the universe is that aliens have been monitoring earth’s broadcasts of intellectually embarrassing tv programs, like gilligan’s island, fear factor, the jersey shore, and the jerry springer showand so consider us far too primitive to merit a visit. let’s check the assertion that aliens could have been receiving them. tv programs are broadcast at a frequency of about 100mhz with about 100kw of total power in 30frames per second, which emanatesroughly uniformly in all directions. assume that interstellar space transmits these broadcasts without attenuation. no matter how smart they are, aliens would require at least one photon per frame to interpret our signals. findthe number of photons per unit time per unit area reaching a receiver on a possible planet in the nearest star system, which is about 4 light-years away (a light-year is the distance light travels in a year). if aliens aimed a receiver or detector directly at earth, how big (in diameter) would it have to be to receive a photon per frame

What is the measure of a change in an objects velocity?