What experimental evidence led to the development of this atom model from the one before it?

I'm not entirely sure, but the gold foil experiment was done by Ernest Rutherford, Hans Geiger, and Ernest Marsden. This experiment helped to determine the effect that alpha particles had on matter. This experiment helped to understand that the nucleus of an atom has a positive charge and that most of the mass can also be found there. The experiment that can be done to see this (flame test or emission spectrum) it is observed that the color of light change is based on the energy that photons released or in other words when one electron is moved from one orbital to another. Equations were used to identify regions around the nucleus where electrons would likely be. Since little to no information was known, using equations at the time was more of a guessing game since no concrete evidence was required to obtain the conclusion of where the neutrons, electrons, and protons. With the experiments mentioned information was gathered to determine where each part of an atom could be found.

the device is called “ rocket engine”