When a light ray moves from a less dense medium into a denser medium, the light ray is refracted  towardaway fromparallel to  the normal.

If a ray passing from one medium to other medium then it will refract either away from normal or towards the normal

This all we can find out using snell's law

now if we wish to find the angle inside other medium then we will have

now if second medium is given optical denser

so we will have

so here we will have

so here we can say that ray will bend toward the normal as angle is decreased here

1 a

2 b

3 b

4 d

5 d

6 d

explanation:

answer: at 24 february, 2014 the population gets twice of its initial population.

explanation:

since we have given that

the population for alpha city, t years after january 1, 2004 is given as

first we find out the initial population, i.e. t=0,

so, our quadratic equation becomes,

according to question, we have said that if the population has twice its initial population, then it becomes

so, time taken to reach this above mentioned population is given by

now, we know that time can't be negative so, we take t=9.149 years.

hence, at 24 february, 2014 the population gets twice of its initial population.