Aray diagram shows the ray passing from medium 1 to medium 2. after passing into medium 2, the ray bends away from the normal. what does this ray diagram illustrate? reflection with scattering in a medium reflection without scattering in a medium refraction with medium 1 denser than medium 2 refraction with medium 1 less dense than medium 2

If a ray passing from one medium to other medium then it will refract either away from normal or towards the normal

This all we can find out using snell's law

now if we wish to find the angle inside other medium then we will have

now if light ray bend towards the normal then

so second medium must be optical denser

otherwise if light ray is bending away from the normal then

so second medium is rarer than first medium

so for the given condition of the question correct answer will be

refraction with medium 1 denser than medium 2

i. like it i'm gonna edit it tomorrow

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.