Ethan made a diagram to compare examples of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. what belongs in the areas marked x and y?

First law of thermodynamics:

Limitations of First law

II law of thermodynamics:

It states that "the total entropy of the system can never decrease over time"

It is strongly proved by two laws, they are

1. Kelvin-plank statement:

      He stated that "any engine does not give 100% efficiency". It violates the Perpetual motion of machine II kind(PMM-II).

2. Classius statement:

       It states that "Heat always flows from high temperature body to low temperature body, without aid of external energy".

         Also it stated that " Heat can also be transferred from low temperature body to high temperature body, by the aid of an external energy".

Applications of II law:

Refrigeration &Air conditioning, Heat transfer, I.C. engines, etc.

the minimum constant speed at which she can catch the train is 2.7 m/s

given:

acceleration = 0.6

time = 4.5 s

to find:

velocity = ?

formula used:

from 1st kinematic equation we get,

v = u + at

u = initial speed of train = 0 m/s

v = final speed of the train

a = acceleration of the train

t = time

solution:

from 1st kinematic equation we get,

v = u + at

u = initial speed of train = 0 m/s

v = final speed of the train

a = acceleration of the train

t = time

v = 0 + (0.6 × 4.5)

v = 2.7 m/s

the minimum constant speed at which she can catch the train is 2.7 m/s