Which scientist saw the atom as a positively charged sphere with negative particles ( electrons ) embedded within?

The focal length of a relaxed human eye is approximately 1.7 cm. when we focus our eyes on a close up object, we can change the refractive power of the eye by about 16 diopters. (a) does the refractive power of our eyes increase or decrease by 16 diopters when we focus closely? explain. (b) calculate the focal length of the eye when we focus closely.

Ineed the answer to question 1 , i’m desperate

What are two different ways you could find the value of a? explain these methods.