The isotope samarium-151 decays into europium-151, with a half-life of around 96.6 years. a rock contains 5 grams of samarium-151 when it reaches its closure temperature, and it contains 0.625 grams when it is discovered. the time since the rock reached its closure temperature is ? years. when the rock was discovered, it had ? grams of europium-151.

The time since the rock reached its closure temperature is 289.8 years.

When the rock was discovered, it would contain 4.375 g of Europium 151.

If the number of atoms of samarium 151 at its closure temperature is N₀ and if it had N atoms when discovered, then,

here, n is the number of half lives.

The mass of the isotope is proportional to the number of its atoms present in the sample. hence substitute 0.625 g for N and 5 g for N₀.

hence, the number of half live n is equal to 3.

If the half life of the isotope Samarium is 96.6 years, then the time that has elapsed from time it reaches its closure temperature and its discovery is given by,

Since Samarium decays to Europium,  the mass of Europium at the time of discovery is equal to the mass of Samarium that has decayed.

The mass of Europium 151 at the time of discovery is given by,

Thus,the time since the rock reached its closure temperature is 289.8 years and when the rock was discovered, it would contain 4.375 g of Europium 151.

when insulating materials rub against each other, they may become electrically charged . electrons , which are negatively charged, may be 'rubbed off' one material and on to the other. the material that gains electrons becomes negatively charged. the material that loses electrons is left with a positive charge.