How do the numbers of protons and electrons in an atom affect its electrical charge

As long as the number of protons in an atom equals the number of electrons, the atom remains uncharged, or neutral. When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an electrically charged ion. ... An atom that loses electrons becomes a positively charged cation.

Explanation:

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if an atom has an equal number of protons and electrons, its net charge is 0. if it gains an extra electron, it becomes negatively charged and known as an anion. if it loses an electron, it becomes positively charged and is known as a cation.

not really sure but thinking 1.54 mm/us

some think that theories become laws, but theories and laws have separate and distinct roles in the scientific method. a law is a description of an observed phenomenon in the natural world that hold true every time it is tested. it doesn't explain why something is true; it just states that it is true.