Arod 150 cm long and of diameter 2.0 cm is subjected to an axial pull of 20 kn. if the modulus of elasticity of the material of the rod is 2 x 105 n/mm2 ; determine: (i) the stress, (ii) the strain, and (iii) the elongation of the, rod

The stress, strain and modulus of elasticity are connected by an equation. Thus, the given question has the following answers:

(i) The stress is 2 KN/

(ii) The strain is 0.01

(iii) The elongation is 15 mm

From the question, given: l = 1500 mm, D = 20 mm, F = 20 000 N, λ = 2 x N/.

Thus,

(i) Stress =

  Area of the rod = Area of a circle =

where r is the radius.

radius, r =

            =

r = 10 mm

so that;

Stress =

          = 2000

Stress = 2 KN/

(ii) To calculate the strain;

modulus of elasticity,  λ =

2 x =

strain =

         = 0.01

strain = 0.01

(iii) The elongation of the rod is also its extension, e.

So that;

strain =

extension = strain x length

                = 0.01 x 1500

extension   = 15 mm

Therefore: the stress is 2 KN/, the strain is 0.01, and the elongation is 15 mm.

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freezing

deposition

condensation

explanation;

melting also called fusion is the process where solid becomes liquid, sublimation is the process where solid becomes gaseous without first changing to liquid, deposition involves change from gaseous to solid state, freezing involves change from liquid to solid, boiling or evaporation involves change of liquid to gaseous state, while condensation is the change from gaseous state to liquid state.

endothermic reactions involves absorption of heat from the surroundings or the environment while exothermic reactions involves loss of heat energy to the surroundings.

in this case, sublimation, evaporation and melting are endothermic reactions (gain energy from the environment) while, freezing, deposition and condensation are exothermic (loss of energy to the surroundings) reactions.

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