Big ideas:

key questions and terms notes

your body uses the process called to make new, identical cells to replace those that are lost or damaged.

what is interphase?

describe the four steps of mitosis:

prophase:

metaphase:

anaphase:

telophase:

what happens during cytokinesis?

what is the relationship between parent cells and daughter cells?

what type of cells are gametes?

a is a cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

divides a cell into four new daughter cells, each with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

why does meiosis allow for the creation of organisms with unique characteristics?

describe each step of meiosis:

meiosis i:

meiosis ii:

what does it mean when a cell is haploid?

what are the similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis in human cel

Your body uses the process called MITOSIS to make new, identical cells to replace those that are lost or damaged.

Mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in somatic cells or body cells. The purpose of mitosis is to make diploid cells or copies of the same cell. They are identical daughter cells, which are also identical to its parent cell.

Interphase is the first step to cell division. It is the longest stage in the cell division cycle. It is at this time where the cell prepares itself for division. At this point, the cell is copying the DNA strand of a chromosome it is meant to produce. The cell grows and stores energy, and at the same time, it starts to replicate the organelles of the cell it will produce.

Describe the four steps of mitosis:

Prophase: The nuclear envelope breaks down at this stage and the centriole divides into two. Each centriole will go to the opposite sides of the cell and start to form spindle. You can see the chromosomes under a light microscope and you will see them assume the X-shape. The X-shape are two sister chromatids that are joined at the middle.

Metaphase: It is at this stage where the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell. Spindles start to attach to the centromere of the lined-up chromosomes, preparing to split them.

Anaphase: Chromosomes start to split up at the centromere. The sister chromatids are pulled apart and brought to the opposite ends of the cell. The chromatids then become separate chromosomes. As the spindle fibers pull on the chromatids, they shorten. The chromatids form a V-shape.

Telophase: The nuclei start to form for each cell. At this point, you can no longer see the chromosomes because they are enveloped already within the nucleus.

Cytokinesis occurs at the end of cell division. It is the physical division of the cells, as they separate into two different cells. The cytoplasm splits into two, organelles distributed and the nucleus of each new cell is already distinct.

Parent cells are the cells that go through cell division to produce daughter cells. The information or the genetic material that make up the parent cell will be passed on to the daughter cells. In mitosis, the daughter cells will be identical to the parent cells, whilst in meiosis, the daughter cells will get its information or traits from both mother and father.

Gametes are sex cells. These are mature haploid germ cells (male or female) which unite with the opposite sex through sexual reproduction. This union forms a zygote. The male gamete is more commonly known as sperm cells, while the female gamete are called egg cells.

A HAPLOID is a cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

MEIOSIS divides a cell into four new daughter cells, each with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

Why does meiosis allow for the creation of organisms with unique characteristics?

Cell division though meiosis creates unique characteristics in an organism because unlike in mitosis, the daughter cells produced are not identical to the parent cell or each other. The chromosomes formed in meiosis have parts that are from the father and the mother, which also carry the traits of each. This brings out the unique characteristics of the off-spring.

Describe each step of meiosis:

Meiosis I: Chromosomes are copied at this phase. They condensed into more compact forms, similar to mitosis. The difference is that instead of the chromosomes lined up in single file, the chromosomes line up two-by-two. Now each group is called homologous chromosomes. These homologous chromosomes are what separate, each carrying a pair from the father and the mother cell.

Meiosis II:

In meiosis II, the process is similar to mitosis. It splits the already divided cells further into four cells. The result is that each gamete will have two monovalent chromosomes.  These cells are not identical to the parent cell. They have part of each parent cell.

Haploid cell refers to a cell that has half the number of chromosome as its parent cell. For example, if a parent cell starts with 46 chromosomes, the haploid cells have only 23 chromosomes.

Both Meiosis and Mitosis are a type of cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells. They produce daughter cells. Those are mainly the similarities of the two. As for the differences between the two, there are several that can be pointed out.

In Mitosis, the number of daughter cells made is 2 and they are identical. These daughter cells are called diploid. They go through only 1 nuclear division and it occurs in somatic cells. The main function of mitosis for growth and asexual reproduction.

In Meiosis, the number of daughter cells made is 4 and they are not identical. These daughter cells are called haploid. They go through 2 nuclear divisions and they occur in the gonads. The main function of meiosis is to produce sex cells.

layers of the earth affect the waves and these effects are seen on instruiments such as seimometers