By is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On examination, it is found that the sphincter controlling food passage to the duodenum is thickened and does not readily open. Because of the baby's loss of gastric juice, his blood probably indicates:

If the skin preparation site contains a colostomy or draining sinus that cannot be sealed off, how should that area be prepped? a. last, with sponges to be used once and discarded b. first, with the same preparation tray c. simultaneously, with the same preparation tray d. first, with a separate preparation tray