Evelyn Bean, 52 years of age, is admitted to the same-day surgery unit for an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patient presents with jaundice of the skin and sclera. The patient’s urine is dark and the patient stated that she has clay-colored stools. She stated she has occasional colicky pain in her right upper quadrant of her abdomen radiating to her back. The patient had preadmission testing 1 week ago and the results are on the patient’s chart. The record of patient education and an informed written consent are also on the chart.

Mr. wayne is a 38-year-old man with a significant history of elevated cholesterol levels. his father died at age 42 from a massive heart attack secondary to elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, and two of his older siblings are currently taking medications to lower their cholesterol levels. mr. wayne makes an appointment to discuss his risk for hypercholesterolemia. the nurse recognizes that mr. wayne is at risk for familial hypercholesterolemia because this is an autoomal dominant inherited condition. a. describe the pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance. b. mr. wayne asks what chance his children have of developing familial hypercholesterolemia. how should the nurse respond? c. explain the phenomenon of penetrance observed in autosomal dominant inheritance.