Awoman is worried that she might have breast cancer. the standard test for breast cancer is mammography. from research she found online, she discovers the sensitivity for the mammography screening is 80% and the specificity is 95% . her doctor has told her that one in 58 women in her forties will have breast cancer. based on the sensitivity, specificity, and prevalence, determine the positive predictive value (ppv) for the mammography screening. express your answer to three decimal places.

A10-year-old girl suffered from a rare malignancy in her brain and around her spinal cord. she had surgery, and most of the tumor mass was removed, but residual tumor remained in the brain and around the spinal cord. the girl's doctors informed her parents that chemotherapy and radiation were possible treatment options but could cause serious problems such as sepsis, a permanent loss of iq and stature, and even death. the parents wished to proceed with the therapy. while their child was undergoing aggressive chemotherapy and radiation, the parents did independent research and read of several drugs being administered for cancer in other states that were unapproved by the federal drug administration (fda) and were illegal in their home state but were touted by physicians using them as miracle cures." furthermore, one of the girl's doctors released the girl's medical records to another physician to get a "second opinion" without informing the parents. this particular physician is a member of the same country club as the parents. he happens to share facts from the medical records with other members who end up telling the girl's parents. the couple sued their child's physician for failure to disclose alternative treatments, thus depriving them of informed consent. the couples also sued the child's physician for sharing their daughter's records in violation of the girl's privacy. how should the court rule in both cases? did the child's physician involved follow the law? did he act ethically in either situation? explain your answer. under the doctrine of informed consent, should a physician be responsible for informing patients of all treatment options, even if some of the treatments are illegal or not yet proven effective?

Describe the effects and potential risks associated with pica. include lead poisoning in the discussion.

Anurse is planning teaching for a client who has asthma about taking montelukast. which of the following should the nurse include about the purpose of this medication? a. relieves acute bronchospasm b. inhibits replication of neutrophils c. controls inflammation in the airways d. activates beta2-receptors in smooth muscle