A10-year-old child has fallen 12 feet from a tree. on exam he is noted to have multiple abrasions and contusions in several areas. he has a deformity of the right forearm and denies having pain in the neck or back. his vital signs are as follows: pulse of 132/min, strong and regular; respirations of 28/min with mild dyspnea; and blood pressure of 110/68 mm hg. he has been treated with oxygen and covered with a blanket. additional interventions for shock would include: a) assessing and recording vital signs every 15 minutes. b) elevating his lower extremities. c) applying pediatric pasg to improve perfusion. d) offering him sips of water to calm him down.