The protective transport of cholesterol from the artery wall back into the bloodstream via high-density lipoproteins is known as what?

Reverse cholesterol  transport

Explanation:

Reverse cholesterol transport can be defined as the multi step process which results in the movement of the cholesterol from the peripheral tissues back into the liver via lymphatic system and then into the bloodstream.

This transport is important because the deposition of cholesterol in the blood vessels is very harmful and can cause various types of cardiovascular diseases.

So, the cholesterol is transported by  Reverse cholesterol  transport.