1. Find the probability of rolling a sum less than 4 or a sum greater than 8 when a pair of dice is rolled.

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Explanation:

Refer to the chart below. The values in red up top add to the values in blue along the left column to get the 6 by 6 grid of values inside. This represents all of the possible ways to add up values on a pair of dice. There are 6*6 = 36 outcomes.

Of those 36 outcomes, we have 13 outcomes where we roll less than a 4, or greater than 8

These 13 results are shown in green boxes in the diagram.

Since we have 13 ways to get what we want, out of 36 total, the final answer as a fraction is therefore 13/36

13/36 = 0.3611 = 36.11% approximately

the solution is 12x-6y