Two methods are proposed for testing a shipment of five items (call them A, B, C, D, and 13). In method 1, an inspector randomly samples two of the five items and tests to see whether either item is defective. In method 2, an inspector randomly samples one item and tests it; the remaining four items are sent to a second inspector who randomly samples one item and tests it. Suppose that only item A is defective in the shipment. a. What is the probability that item A will be dis-covered by method 1?
b. What is the probability that item A will be dis-covered by method 2?
c. What general statement can you make regarding the effectiveness .of the two methods? Can your statement be extended to methods involving samples of more than two items?