The Center for the Study of Violence wants to determine whether a conflict-resolution program in a particular high school alters aggressive behavior among its students. For 5 students, aggression was measured both before and after they participated in the conflict-resolution course. Their scores were the following (higher scores indicate greater aggressiveness). Before Participating After Participating
10 8
3 3
4 1
8 5
8 7

Required:
a. What is the test statistic
b. What are the degrees of freedom
c. Do you reject the null (at alpha = 0.05)
d. What do your results indicate