Mathematics, 02.09.2019 16:50 gemouljr

Evaluate the integral using the indicated trigonometric substitution. (use c for the constant of integration.) x^3 / sqrt x^2 + 49 dx , x = 7 tan(θ)

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$\displaystyle\int\frac{x^3}{\sqrt{x^2+49}}\,\mathrm dx$

Taking $x=7\tan\theta$ gives $\mathrm dx=7\sec^2\theta\,\mathrm d\theta$ , so that the integral becomes

$\displaystyle\int\frac{(7\tan\theta)^3}{\sqrt{(7\tan\theta)^2+49}}(7\sec^2\theta)\,\mathrm d\theta$
$=\displaystyle7^4\int\frac{\tan^3\theta\sec^3\theta}{\sqrt{49\tan^2\theta+49}}\,\mathrm d\theta$
$=\displaystyle7^3\int\frac{\tan^3\theta\sec^3\theta}{\sqrt{\tan^2\theta+1}}\,\mathrm d\theta$
$=\displaystyle7^3\int\frac{\tan^3\theta\sec^3\theta}{\sqrt{\sec^2\theta}}\,\mathrm d\theta$
$=\displaystyle7^3\int\frac{\tan^3\theta\sec^3\theta}{|\sec\theta|}\,\mathrm d\theta$

When $\sec\theta0$ , we have

$=\displaystyle7^3\int\frac{\tan^3\theta\sec^3\theta}{\sec\theta}\,\mathrm d\theta$
$=\displaystyle7^3\int\tan^3\theta\sec^2\theta\,\mathrm d\theta$

and from here we can substitute $u=\tan\theta$ to proceed from here.

Quick note: When we set $x=7\tan\theta$ , we are implicitly enforcing $-\dfrac\pi2$ just so that the substitution can be undone later via $\theta=\tan^{-1}\dfrac x7$ . But note that over this domain, we automatically guarantee that $\sec\theta0$ , so the absolute value bars can be dropped immediately.

Answer from: Quest

2.56 is the width of the garden

step-by-step explanation:

Answer from: Quest

part a

answer: a reasonable domain is $0 \le n \le 10$ where n is a real number. so n can be between 0 and 10. both endpoints are included.

work shown:

n is the number of days after the experiment starts. the smallest n can be is n = 0 which means that 0 days have gone by, and we're at the start. to find out how large n should be, then replace f(n) with 16.13 and solve for n. use logarithms to isolate the exponent.

f(n) = 12*(1.03)^n

16.13 = 12*(1.03)^n

16.13/12 = (1.03)^n

1.34416666666667 = (1.03)^n

(1.03)^n = 1.34416666666667

log[ (1.03)^n ] = log[ 1.34416666666667 ]

n*log[ 1.03 ] = log[ 1.34416666666667 ]

n = log[ 1.34416666666667 ]/log[ 1.03 ]

n = 10.0062999823929

this rounds to n = 10 which is fairly close but not 100% perfect. so this is the largest n can be.

note: if you plug n = 10 into f(n), you'll get roughly 16.127 which rounds to 16.13 (this comes up again in part c)

=====================================

part b

answer: the y intercept is 12. it represents the starting height of the plant in cm.

work shown:

plug n = 0 into the f(n) function. simplify

f(n) = 12*(1.03)^n

f(0) = 12*(1.03)^0

f(0) = 12*(1)

f(0) = 12

on day n = 0, aka the starting point, the height f(n) is 12 cm

=====================================

part c

answer: the average rate of change is approximately 0.43061036458991 (round however you need to). this represents the average growth rate from day n = 3 to day n = 10. so the plant grew roughly 0.43 cm per day during this timespan, assuming you round to 2 decimal places.

work shown:

compute f(3)

f(n) = 12*(1.03)^n

f(3) = 12*(1.03)^3

f(3) = 13.112724 < we'll use this later

compute f(10)

f(n) = 12*(1.03)^n

f(10) = 12*(1.03)^10

f(10) = 16.1269965521294 < we'll use this later

now use the formula below with a = 3 and b = 10

aroc = average rate of change

aroc = [ f(b) - f(a) ]/[ b - a ]

aroc = [ f(10) - f(3) ]/[ 10 - 3 ]

aroc = (16.1269965521294 - 13.112724)/(10 - 3)

aroc = 3.0142725521294/7

aroc = 0.43061036458991

round this however you need to

note: the plant grew approximately 3.01 cm over 7 days, so roughly 0.43 cm per day is the average growth rate (if you were to round to 2 decimal places).

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