What is the independent and dependent variable

George is 187 cm tall. his son, ralph, is 142 cm tall. who casts the longer shadow. george when the sun is 65° above the horizon, or ralph when the sun is 56° above the horizon? how much longer? (nearest centimeter)

The hawaiian alphabet has 12 letters. how many permutations are posible for each number of letters?

The tuition costs, c, for a local community college are modeled by c(h) = 250 + 200h, where h represents the number of credit hours taken. the local state university has tuition costs, s, modeled by the function s(h) = 300 + 180h. how many credit hours will a student have to take for the two tuition costs to be equal? round the answer to the nearest tenth of an hour.