You are playing blackjack and want to know the probability of getting dealt certain cards. In blackjack two cards are drawn from a deck, the first is dealt to you face down and the second is dealt face up. Using the product rule, find the probability that (a) The bottom card is an ace or a king and the top card is red. (b) Both of the cards are clubs. (c) At least one of the cards is a jack.

Researchers are conducting experiments to determine the role of alcohol in the development of depression. after the study is complete, they determine that the relative risk of developing depression is 1.55 with a 95 % ci of 1.2 -1.9. each group is then divided into nonsmokers and smokers. the relative risk for the nonsmokers is 1.12 with a 95% ci of 0.87-1.37. the relative risk for the smokers is 1.7 with a 95 % cl of 1.5-1.9. what type of bias may affect this study? a. procedure bias b. recall bias c. selection bias d. confounding e. lead-time bias